when the victim contributes to the damage, the apportionment of liability is necessary, and the amount of compensation awarded to the victim should be reduced. also, when more than one person injures someone, the liability must be divided between them. but the problem is that how to apportion liability? should the liability be apportioned equally or different? and if the latter is true, how the...

the good faith and fair dealing jurisprudence in contracts has due influences not only in civil law but also in common law, particularly in united states: in uniform commercial code (ucc), restatement 2nd on contracts and it’s judicial precedent. meanwhile the definitions and scope of good faith, the fields of adoption and enforcement of it in common law defers from case law. development of thi...

it is a possibility that when the parties to a contract choose the law of a country as the applicable law, that law may reject such agreement and refer the contract to another law. it is generally accepted that in such a situation, the provisions of the law chosen, excluding rules relating to conflict of laws, should apply to the contract. however, some lawyers believe that the substantive prov...

This paper presents some analyses about the robust practical stability of a class of nonlinear affine systems in the presence of non-vanishing perturbations based on the passivity concept. The given analyses confirm the robust passivity property of the perturbed nonlinear systems in a certain region. Moreover, robust control laws are designed to guarantee the practical stability of the perturbe...

this paper presents some analyses about the robust practical stability of a class of nonlinear affine systems in the presence of non-vanishing perturbations based on the passivity concept. the given analyses confirm the robust passivity property of the perturbed nonlinear systems in a certain region. moreover, robust control laws are designed to guarantee the practical stability of the perturbe...

between the end of june and the middle of july 2011, an outbreak of cchf occurred in southern part of tehran, iran. this study reports clinical, laboratory fi ndings and outcome of six cases, who were all consanguine. index case who was livestock-worker died with hemorrhagic manifestations; thereafter his pregnant wife, three brothers, mother-in-law and his pregnant sister-in-law were admitted ...

privacy in the context of islamic law, the quran and sunnah reasons, is not mentioned. but this does not mean that the concept of privacy as one of the basic human rights in islamic law has not been considered. various aspects of privacy are presented in the sharia particular discourse. in this study in addition to concept of privacy and law in islamic law, law enforcement in islamic law and so...

Background: Judgment of a criminal policy Resolving criminal cases in various ways and manifestations, outside the scope of official repressive measures, is a strategy of contracting criminal law derived from civil law, and its main root is in ethics and morality. In society, and given that the prosecution of a criminal case is not the main purpose of criminal law; Rather, prosecution is seen a...